Supporting multiple name servers in a software provisioning environment

ABSTRACT

A provisioning server can be configured to include a network configuration module that can set-up, configure, and manage network connections served by the provisioning server including name servers, such as Domain Name System (DNS) servers, in the network connections. The provisioning server can be configured to maintain a set of network modules, each network module corresponding to a different type of name server. Each of the network modules can be configured to include logic for generating or altering a configuration file for the corresponding type of name server.

FIELD

This invention relates generally to software provisioning.

DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART

Software provisioning is the process of selecting a target machine, such as a server, loading the appropriate software (operating system, device drivers, middleware, and applications), and customizing and configuring the system and the software to make it ready for operation. Software provisioning can entail a variety of tasks, such as creating or changing a boot image, specifying parameters, e.g. IP address, IP gateway, to find associated network and storage resources, and then starting the machine and its newly-loaded software. Typically, a system administrator will perform these tasks using various tools because of the complexity of these tasks. Unfortunately, there is a lack of provisioning control tools that can adequately integrate and automate these tasks.

Typically, software provisioning takes place in a network environment. Often, the target machines will require network configuration in order to properly function once provisioned. Additionally, the software provisioning may require set-up and configuration of the network itself. Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide a provisioning environment that can manage network connections in a software provisioning environment.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Various features of the embodiments can be more filly appreciated, as the same become better understood with reference to the following detailed description of the embodiments when considered in connection with the accompanying figures, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates an overall provisioning environment in which various embodiments of the present teachings can be practiced;

FIG. 2 illustrates the overall provisioning environment in which a provisioning server can manage network connections, according to various embodiments;

FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary hardware configuration for a provisioning server, according to various embodiments; and

FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart for managing network connections, according to various embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

For simplicity and illustrative purposes, the principles of the present invention are described by referring mainly to exemplary embodiments thereof. However, one of ordinary skill in the art would readily recognize that the same principles are equally applicable to, and can be implemented in, all types of information and systems, and that any such variations do not depart from the true spirit and scope of the present invention. Moreover, in the following detailed description, references are made to the accompanying figures, which illustrate specific embodiments. Electrical, mechanical, logical and structural changes may be made to the embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Embodiments of the present teachings relate to systems and methods for providing network connection management in a software provisioning environment. More particularly, a provisioning server can set-up, configure, and manage diverse types of name servers.

According to embodiments, a provisioning server can be configured to include a network configuration module that can set-up, configure, and manage network connections served by the provisioning server including name servers, such as Domain Name System (DNS) servers, in the network connections. The provisioning server can be configured to maintain a set of network modules, each network module corresponding to a different type of name server. Each of the network modules can be configured to include logic for generating or altering a configuration file for the corresponding type of name server. For example, the network module can include a template defining the format of the configuration file and instructions for generating the configuration file according to the template. Alternatively, the network module can include interfaces for communicating with the name server and instructions for altering the configuration file via the interfaces. The provisioning server can be configured to utilize the set of network modules to install new name servers, configure existing name servers, and update name servers in response to changes in the network connections.

By providing name server management, the provisioning server can consolidate network management with software provisioning for diverse networks. As such, network maintenance and configuration can be synchronized with any changes to the software and hardware in the network. Additionally, by providing modular support of different types of name servers, the provisioning server can easily be adapted to support new and different types of name servers.

FIG. 1 illustrates an overall provisioning environment 100, in systems and methods for the execution, management, and monitoring of software provisioning, according to exemplary aspects of the present disclosure. Embodiments described herein can be implemented in or supported by the exemplary environment illustrated in FIG. 1. The provisioning environment 100 provides a unified provisioning environment, which comprehensively manages the tasks related to software provisioning.

In particular, the provisioning environment 100 can manage software provisioning using a hierarchy of commands. In exemplary embodiments, the hierarchy can include at least four levels of commands. The lowest level in the hierarchy can comprise distribution commands, which primarily handle base operating system specific tasks of provisioning. The second level can comprise profile commands, which associate a configuration file, such as a kickstart file for Linux or other operating system, with a distribution and optionally allow for customization. The third level comprises system commands, which associate remote systems that are involved with the provisioning of the software. The fourth level comprises repository commands, which address configurations and tasks related to updating the software, remote installation procedures, and optionally customizing the software.

The provisioning environment 100 provides several capabilities and advantages over the known provisioning solutions. For example, the present invention is capable of handling a variety of forms of installations, such as preboot execution environment (“PXE”), virtualization, re-installations, and image installations.

In exemplary aspects, the provisioning environment 100 enables integrating virtualization into a PXE provisioning infrastructure and provides several options to reinstall running machines as well. The provisioning environment 100 can integrate mirroring of package repositories with the provisioning process, so that a provisioning server may serve as a central mirror point of contact for all of an organization's software needs. In aspects, a set of remote mirrored repositories can automatically be used by provisioned systems without additional setup.

Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary aspects the provisioning environment 100. The provisioning environment 100 can be applied to provisioning any form of software, such as Windows systems, UNIX systems, and Linux systems. In the exemplary description that follows, FIG. 1 is presented to explain the provisioning environment 100 for provisioning software, such as Linux, and Linux based software, such as Fedora and Red Hat Enterprise Linux by Red Hat, Inc.

In provisioning of software such as Linux, many system administrators use what is known as the “kickstart” installation method. Kickstart files are files that specify the intended configuration of the software being provisioned. Kickstart files can be kept on a server and can be read by individual computers during the installation. This installation method allows the use of a single or relatively few standard kickstart files to install Linux on multiple machines, making it ideal for network and system administrators.

The kickstart file can be a simple text file, containing a list of items, each identified by a keyword. In general, a kickstart file can be edited with any text editor or word processor that can save files as ASCII text. One skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention may be applied to non-kickstart files in software provisioning. For example, configuration files such as AutoYAST Answer files used in Novell SuSe Linux and Sun Solaris Jumpstart files may also be used by the provisioning environment 100.

Typically, a kickstart file can be copied to the boot disk, or made available on the network. The network-based approach is most commonly used, as most kickstart installations for software provisioning, such as Linux systems, tend to be performed via a network using NFS, FTP, or HTTP on networked computers. Administrators also find it desirable that kickstart installations can be performed using a local CD-ROM, or a local hard drive.

Using kickstart files, a system administrator can create a single file containing the parameters that are needed to complete a typical software installation. For example, kickstart files specify parameters related to: language selection; mouse configuration; keyboard selection; boot loader installation; disk partitioning; network configuration; NIS, LDAP, Kerberos, Hesiod, and Samba authentication; firewall configuration; and package selection.

According to exemplary aspects illustrated in FIG. 1, the provisioning environment 100 can include a provisioning server 102, a code repository 104 which provides access to distributions 106 and 108, a set of installation templates 110, a set of exception plugins 112, a helper client 114 running on target machines 116 in a network 115, a provisioning database 120 which comprises a distribution tree list 122 and template list 124. Each of these components will now be further described.

The provisioning server (from herein referred to as a “cobbler”) 102 is responsible for: serving as an extensible markup language remote procedure call (XMLRPC) handler; linking to or mirroring install distribution trees and a configuration database; hosting kickstart templates; hosting plugins; generating installation images, and the like. The cobbler server 102 can be implemented as software, such as Python code, installed on a boot server machine and provide a command line interface for configuration of the boot server. In addition, the cobbler server 102 can make itself available as a Python application programming interface (API) for use by higher level management software (not shown). The cobbler server 102 supports provisioning via PXE, image (ISO) installation, virtualization, re-provisioning. As will be described later, the last two modes are performed with the assistance of a helper client 114.

The code repository 104 is responsible for hosting distributions 106 and 108. The code repository 104 may be implemented using well known components of hardware and software. Additionally, the code repository 104 can be include one or more repositories hosting distributions. The distributions 106 and 108 can include bundles of software that are already compiled and configured. The distributions 106 and 108 may be in the form of either rpm, deb, tgz, msi, exe formats, and the like. For example, as Linux distributions, the distributions 106 and 108 are bundles of software that comprise the Linux kernel, the non-kernel parts of the operating system, and assorted other software. The distributions 106 and 108 can take a variety of forms, from fully-featured desktop and server operating systems to minimal environments.

In exemplary aspects, the installation templates 110 are any data structure or processing element that can be combined with a set of installation configurations and processed to produce a resulting configuration file, such as a kickstart file.

In exemplary aspects, exception plugins 112 are software that interact with cobbler server 102 to customize the provisioning of software. In general, the exception plugins 112 are intended to address infrequent customization needs.

In exemplary aspects, the helper client (known as “koan”, which stands for “kickstart-over-a-network”) 114 can assist the cobbler server 102 during the provisioning processes. The koan 114 can allow for both network provisioning of new virtualized guests and destructive provisioning of any existing system. When invoked, the koan 114 can request profile information from a remote boot server that has been configured with the cobbler server 102. In some aspects, what the koan 114 does with the profile data depends on whether it was invoked with —virt or —replace-self.

In exemplary aspects, the koan 114 can enable replacing running systems as well as installing virtualized profiles. The koan 114 can also be pushed out to systems automatically from the boot server. In some aspects, the koan client 114 is also written in Python code to accommodate a variety of operating systems, machine architectures, etc.

In exemplary aspects, the network 115 can include a number of the target machines 116. The target machines 116 can represent the particular machines to which software provisioning is directed. The target machines 116 can represent a wide variety of computing devices, such as personal computers, servers, laptop computers, personal mobile devices, and the like. In some aspects, the target machines 116 can represent distributed computing environments such as cloud computing environments. Although FIG. 1 shows several of the target machines 116, the provisioning environment 100 can be capable of managing a wide range environments, such as datacenters with thousands of machines or server pools with just a few machines. Additionally, the cobbler server 102 can be connected to multiple networks 115.

In exemplary aspects, the provisioning database 120 can serve as a data storage location for holding data used by the cobbler server 102. For example, as shown, the provisioning database 120 can comprise the distribution tree list 122 and the template list 124. The distribution tree list 122 can provide an inventory of the distributions 106 and 108 that are hosted or mirrored by the cobbler server 102. The template list 124 can provide an inventory of the templates 110 that are hosted by the cobbler server 102.

As noted above, the cobbler server 102 can manage provisioning using a hierarchical concept of distribution commands, profile commands, system commands, and repository commands. This framework enables the cobbler server 102 to abstract the differences between multiple provisioning types (installation, reinstallation, and virtualization) and allows installation of all three from a common platform. This hierarchy of commands also permits the cobbler server 102 to integrate software repositories 126 with the provisioning process, thus allowing systems to be configured as a mirror for software updates and third party content as well as distribution content.

Distributions can contain Information about base operating system tasks, such as what kernel and initial ramdisk (“initrd”) are used in the provisioning, along with other information, such as required kernel parameters. Profiles associate one of the distributions 106 and 108 with a kickstart file and optionally customize it her, for example, using plugins 112. System commands associate a hostname, IP, or (machine access control) MAC with a distribution and optionally customize the profile further. Repositories contain update information, such as yum mirror information that the cobbler server 102 uses to mirror repository 104. The cobbler server 102 can also manage (generate) dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) configuration files using the templates 110.

In exemplary aspects, the cobbler server 102 can use a provisioning environment that is fully templated, allowing for kickstarts and PXE files to be customized by the user. The cobbler server 102 uses the concept of “profiles” as an intermediate step between the operating system and the installed system. A profile is a description of what a system does rather than the software to be installed. For instance, a profile might describe a virtual web server with X amount of RAM, Y amounts of disk space, running a Linux distribution Z, and with an answer file W.

In exemplary aspects, the cobbler server 102 can provide a command line interface to configure a boot server in which it is installed. For example, the format of the cobbler server 102 commands can be generally in the format of: cobbler command [subcommand] [—arg1=] [—arg2=]. Thus, a user can specify various aspects of software provisioning via a single interface, such as a command line interface or other known interface. Examples of exemplary cobbler commands can be found in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/763,315, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. U.S.-2008-0288938-A1 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/763,333, U.S. Patent Publication No. U.S.-2008-288939A1, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein, in their entirety, by reference.

According to exemplary aspects, a user can use various commands of the provisioning environment 100 to specify distributions and install trees hosted by the code repository 104, such as a distribution from the distributions 106 or 108. A user can add or import a distribution or import it from installation media or an external network location.

According to exemplary aspects, in order to import a distribution, the cobbler server 102 can auto-add distributions and profiles from remote sources, whether this is an installation media (such as a DVD), an NFS path, or an rsync mirror. When importing a rsync mirror, the cobbler server 102 can try to detect the distribution type and automatically assign kickstarts. By default in some embodiments, the cobbler server can provision by erasing the hard drive, setting up eth0 for DHCP, and using a default password. If this is undesirable, an administrator may edit the kickstart files in /etc/cobbler to do something else or change the kickstart setting after the cobbler server 102 creates the profile.

According to exemplary aspects, a user may map profiles to the distributions and map systems to the profiles using profile commands and systems commands of the provisioning environment 100. A profile associates a distribution to additional specialized options, such as a kickstart automation file. In the cobbler server 102, profiles are the unit of provisioning and at least one profile exists for every distribution to be provisioned. A profile might represent, for instance, a web server or desktop configuration.

According to exemplary aspects, a user can map systems to profiles using system commands. System commands can assign a piece of hardware with cobbler server 102 to a profile. Systems can be defined by hostname, Internet Protocol (IP) address, or machine access control (MAC) address. When available, use of the MAC address to assign systems can be preferred.

According to exemplary aspects, the user can map repositories and profiles using repository commands. Repository commands can address configurations and tasks related to updating the software, remote installation procedures, and optionally customizing the software. These repository commands can also specify mirroring of the provisioned software to remote servers. Repository mirroring can allow the cobbler server 102 to mirror not only install the trees 106 and 108, but also optional packages, third party content, and updates. Mirroring can be useful for faster, more up-to-date installations and faster updates, or providing software on restricted networks. The cobbler server 102 can also include other administrative features, such as allowing the user to view their provisioning configuration or information tracking the status of a requested software installation.

According to exemplary aspects, a user can utilize commands to create a provisioning infrastructure from a distribution mirror. Then a default PXE configuration is created, so that by default systems will PXE boot into a fully automated install process for that distribution. The distribution mirror can be a network rsync mirror or a mounted DVD location.

According to exemplary aspects, the administrator uses a local kernel and initrd file (already downloaded), and shows how profiles would be created using two different kickstarts—one for a web server configuration and one for a database server. Then, a machine can be assigned to each profile.

According to exemplary aspects, a repo mirror can be set up for two repositories, and create a profile that will auto install those repository configurations on provisioned systems using that profile.

According to exemplary aspects, in addition to normal provisioning, the cobbler server 102 can support yet another option, called “enchant”. Enchant takes a configuration that has already been defined and applies it to a remote system that might not have the remote helper program installed. Users can use this command to replace a server that is being repurposed, or when no PXE environment can be created. Thus, the enchant option allows the remote the koan client 114 to be executed remotely from the cobbler server 102.

According to aspects, if the cobbler server 102 is configured to mirror certain repositories, the cobbler server 102 can then be used to associate profiles with those repositories. Systems installed under those profiles can be auto configured to use these repository mirrors in commands and, if supported, these repositories can be leveraged. This can be useful for a large install base, when fast installation and upgrades for systems are desired, or software not in a standard repository exists and provisioned systems desire to know about that repository.

According to exemplary aspects, the cobbler server 102 can also keep track of the status of kickstarting machines. For example, the “cobbler status” will show when the cobbler server 102 thinks a machine started kickstarting and when it last requested a file. This can be a desirable way to track machines that may have gone inactive during kickstarts. The cobbler server 102 can also make a special request in the post section of the kickstart to signal when a machine is finished kickstarting.

According to exemplary aspects, for certain commands, the cobbler server 102 will create new virtualized guests on a machine in accordance with the orders from the cobbler server 102. Once finished, an administrator can use additional commands on the guest or other operations. The cobbler server 102 can automatically name domains based on their MAC addresses. For re-kickstarting, the cobbler server 102 can reprovision the system, deleting any current data and replacing it with the results of a network install.

According to exemplary aspects, the cobbler server 102 can configure boot methods for the provisioning requested by the user. For example, the cobbler server 102 can configure a PXE environment, such as a network card BIOS. Alternatively, the cobbler server 102 can compile and configure information for koan client 104. The cobbler server 102 can also optionally configure DHCP and DNS configuration information.

According to exemplary aspects, the cobbler server 102 can serve the request of the koan client 114. The koan client 114 can acknowledge the service of information of the cobbler server 102 and then can initiate installation of the software being provisioned. Additionally, the koan client 114 can either install the requested software, e.g., replace the existing operating system, or install a virtual machine.

FIG. 2 illustrates aspects of the provisioning environment 100 that allows management of network connections. In embodiments as shown, the cobbler server 102 can be coupled to a network 115 to provide provisioning processes and network management to the network 115. While FIG. 2 illustrates one network 115 with exemplary components, one skilled in the art will realize that the cobbler server 102 can be coupled to multiple networks to provide provisioning processes and network management.

As shown in FIG. 2, the network 115 can include a gateway 202 and a number of hosts 204. The gateway 202 can be configured to provide a route for the systems and machines of the network 115 to access different networks 206 such as local area networks or wide area networks (e.g. Internet). The gateway 202 can be any type of hardware, software, or combination thereof to provide network communications between the network 115 and networks 206. For example, the gateway 202 can be a router, switch, proxy server, and the like.

The hosts 204 can be configured to support sub-networks of the network 115. The hosts 204 can include hardware, software, and combinations thereof to provide the necessary support to enable target machines 208 to be connected to network 208 and communicate with the networks 206 via the gateway 202. The hosts 204 can be configured to provide services such as dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) services, network name system services, access control services, and the like. For example, the hosts 204 can include one or multiple servers such as proxy servers, host servers, DHCP servers, name servers, and the like.

In embodiments, as illustrated, the hosts 204 can each include a name server 207. The name server 207 can be configured to utilize any type of naming scheme that provides management of the network address managed by the hosts 204, such as a DNS server. The name server 207 can be implemented utilizing any type of open or proprietary naming system, such as DNS BIND, Dnsmasq, and the like. Each name server 207 can include a configuration file that describes the network parameters of the name server 207 (identification of the gateway 202, network addresses supported, host name and network address mapping for target machines 208 and the like). The configuration file can be formated according to the particular naming system utilized by the name server 207.

In embodiments, the cobbler server 102 can be configured to manage the network 115. In embodiments, the cobbler server 102 can be configured to set-up, manage, and configure the various components of the network 115 such as the gateway 202, host 204, and target machines 208. In particular, the cobbler server 102 can be configured to set-up, configure, and mange the name servers 207. To achieve this, the cobbler server 102 can be configured to include a network configuration module 210.

In embodiments, the network configuration module 210 can be implemented as a portion of the code for the cobbler server 102. Likewise, the network configuration module 210 can be implemented as a separate software tool accessible by the cobbler server 102. The network configuration module 210 can be written in a variety of programming languages, such as Java, C++, Python code, and the like to accommodate a variety of operating systems, machine architectures, etc. Additionally, the network configuration module 210 can be configured to include the appropriate application programming interfaces (APIs) to communicate with and cooperate with other components of the cobbler server 102.

In embodiments, to set-up, configure, and manage the name servers 207, the cobbler server 102 can be configured to maintain a set of network modules 211. Each network module of the set of network modules 211 can correspond to a different type of naming system supported by the name servers 207. For example, the cobbler server 102 can maintain a network module 211 for DNS BIND, a network module 211 for Dnsmasq, and the like.

In embodiments, each of the network modules 211 can be configured to include logic for generating the configuration file for the corresponding type of name server. For example, each network module 211 can include a template defining the format of the configuration file and instructions for generating the configuration file according to the template. Alternatively, each network module 211 can include interfaces (APIs) for communicating with the name server and instructions for altering the configuration file via the interfaces. The set of network modules 211 can be stored in any repository, such as database 120 associated with the cobbler server 102 or can be maintained in the network configuration module 210.

In embodiments, the network configuration module 210 can be configured to maintain a network record 212 of network configurations for the network 115 served by the cobbler server 102. The network record 212 can include information describing the structure, hardware, software, and configuration of the network 115. For example, the network record 212 can include information such as the types of the network 115, the types of hardware and software supporting the network 115 (e.g. the gateway 202, the hosts 204, the name servers 207), configuration for the hardware and software, and network parameters for the networks (specific type of networks and sub-network, network addresses for network 115 (e.g. overall network addresses and network addresses supported by each host 204 and each name server 207), network host identification of host 204, gateway 202 address and identification, network masks for the subnetworks supported by host 204, identification of the target machines 208 (network addresses, host names, etc. of the target machines 208 including multiple network address and host names for a single target machine 208), and the like. The network record 212 can be stored in any repository, such as database 120 associated with the cobbler server 102 or can be maintained in the network configuration module 210.

In embodiments, the cobbler server 102 can be configured to utilize the set of network modules 211 and the network record 212 to install new name servers, configure existing name servers 207, and update name servers 207 in response to changes in the network 115. The network configuration module 210 can be configured to generate a configuration file utilizing the network module 211 (template and instructions) corresponding to the type of the name server 207. Likewise, the network configuration module 210 can be configured to utilize the network module 211 (interfaces and instructions) to communicate with the configuration file of the type of name server 207.

For example, in response to a request or upon its own direction, the network configuration module 210 can be configured to alter the configuration of a particular name server 207. The network configuration module 210 can be configured to receive the alteration, retrieve the existing configuration of the particular name server 207 from network record 212, and retrieve the network module 211 for the type of the particular name server 207. The network configuration module 210 can be configured to generate a new configuration file for the particular name server 207 utilizing the existing configuration, the alteration, and the network module 211. The network configuration module 210 can be configured to provide the new configuration file to the particular name server 207. Likewise, the network configuration module 210 can be configured to utilize the network module 211 to communicate with the configuration file of the particular name server 207 to change the configuration file according to the alteration.

For further example, in response to a request or upon its own direction, the network configuration module 210 can be configured to alter the configuration (add a new target machine 208, change a network address or host name of a component, change range of address supported by a host 204, etc.) of the existing network structure and hardware or software of components of the network 115. As such, the network configuration module 210 can be configured to receive the alteration and to retrieve the appropriate information for the network 115 from the network record 212. Additionally, the network configuration module 210 can be configured to retrieve the network module 211 for the type of the particular name server 207 affected by the alteration. The network configuration module 210 can be configured to generate a new configuration file for the particular name server 207 utilizing the existing configuration, the alteration, and the network module 211. The network configuration module 210 can be configured to provide the new configuration file to the particular name server 207 affected by the change. Likewise, the network configuration module 210 can be configured to utilize the network module 211 to communicate with the configuration file of the particular name server 207, affected by the change, to update the configuration file according to the alteration.

In embodiments, the cobbler server 102 can be configured to manage the network 115 when adding new hardware or software to the network 115. For example, a new host 214 including a new name server 215 can be added to network 115. The network management module 210 can be configured to generate a new configuration file for the new name server 215. The network configuration module 210 can be configured to retrieve the existing configuration information of network 115 from network record 212. For example, the network configuration module 210 can be configured to retrieve the information for gateway 202 (such as identification and address) in order to properly connect the new host 214 to the gateway 202. Additionally, the network configuration module 210 can be configured to retrieve the network module 211 for the desired type of the new name server 215. The network configuration module 210 can be configured to generate a new configuration file for the new name server 215 utilizing the existing configuration of the network 115 and the network module 211. The network configuration module 210 can be configured to provide the new configuration file to the new name server 215. Likewise, the network configuration module 210 can be configured to utilize the network module 211 to communicate with an existing default configuration file of the existing name server 207 to change the configuration file.

In embodiments, the cobbler server 102 can be configured to perform the network connection management in combination with the software provisioning processes. To achieve this, the cobbler server 102 can be configured to associate provisioning objects with the network configurations for the network 115 and the network modules 211. The cobbler server 102 can be configured to maintain an object record 216 that associates the network configurations with different provisioning object. The object record. 216 can be maintained as a separate record or the associations can be contained in the network record 212. The object record 216 can be stored in any repository, such as database 120 associated with the cobbler server 102 or can be maintained in the network configuration module 210.

In embodiments, the provisioning objects can include all the data required by a cobbler server to perform the software provisioning processes, such as the process described above, supported by the cobbler server. For example, the provisioning objects can include software distributions; configuration templates (templates for generating configuration files, such as kickstart files); distribution profile information (mapping a distribution to profile; a configuration template or a configuration file, and additional preferences, such as kernel options, template variables, or virtual machine settings); target machine information (information representing the mapping of a physical piece of hardware, plus hardware specific customizations, to a profile that it should run); repos information (information representing external or internal software repositories stored on the cobbler server); images (such as distributions representing an undefined executable image (like “memtest”); a virtual machine to be cloned, or an ISO file for use in installing a virtual machine); and the like.

In embodiments, the cobbler server 102 can be configured to utilize the set of network modules 211 when software provisioning processes are performed for a provisioning object associated a particular network module 211. For example, when adding the new host 214 and the new name server 215, the cobbler server 102 can be configured to provision software to the new host 214 and the new name server 215 during installation. As such, the cobbler server 102 can be configured to associate a provisioning object, such as a profile for the new host and/or name server 215 or identification of the new host 214 and/or name server 215, with a particular network module 211. As such, when the provisioning is requested or initiated, the cobbler server 102 can retrieve the particular network module 211 to perform the network configuration as described above.

FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary diagram of hardware and other resources that can be incorporated in the cobbler server 102 configured to communicate with the network 115, according to embodiments. In embodiments as shown, the cobbler server 102 can comprise a processor 300 communicating with memory 302, such as electronic random access memory, operating under control of or in conjunction with operating system 306. Operating system 306 can be, for example, a distribution of the Linux™ operating system, the Unix™ operating system, or other open-source or proprietary operating system or platform. Processor 300 also communicates with the provisioning database 120, such as a database stored on a local hard drive. While illustrated as a local database in the cobbler server 102, the provisioning database 120 can be separate from the cobbler server 102 and the cobbler server 102 can be configured to communicate with the remote provisioning database 120.

Processor 300 further communicates with network interface 304, such as an Ethernet or wireless data connection, which in turn communicates with one or more networks 115, such as the Internet or other public or private networks. Processor 300 also communicates with the provisioning database 120 and the network configuration module 210, to execute control logic and perform the network management processes described above.

While FIG. 3 illustrates the cobbler server 102 as a standalone system comprising a combination of hardware and software, the cobbler server 102 can also be implemented as a software application or program capable of being executed by a conventional computer platform. Likewise, the cobbler server 102 can also be implemented as a software module or program module capable of being incorporated in other software applications and programs. In either case, the cobbler server 102 can be implemented in any type of conventional proprietary or open-source computer language.

FIG. 4 illustrates a flow diagram of overall network management in the provisioning environment 100, according to embodiments of the present teachings. In 402, the process can begin. In 404, the cobbler server 102 maintains a set of network modules to enable set-up, management, and configuration of different types of name servers. Each network module of the set of network modules 211 can correspond to a different type of naming system supported by the name servers 207. For example, the cobbler server 102 can maintain a network module 211 for DNS BIND, a network module 211 for Dnsmasq, and the like. Each of the network modules 211 can be configured to include logic for generating the configuration file for the corresponding type of name server. For example, each network module 211 can include a template defining the format of the configuration file and instructions for generating the configuration file according to the template. Alternatively, each network module 211 can include interfaces (APIs) for communicating with the name server and instructions for altering the configuration file via the interfaces. The set of network modules 211 can be stored in any repository, such as database 120 associated with the cobbler server 102 or can be maintained in the network configuration module 210.

In 406, the cobbler server 102 identifies an alteration to a connection, setting parameter, component, or connection in the network. The cobbler server 102 can identify the alteration by receiving a request, from an administrator of the cobbler server 102 or from the network 115, to perform the alteration or to identify that an alteration has occurred. Likewise, the cobbler server 102 can identify the alteration, independently, by querying the network 115 or by altering the network 115.

In 408, the cobbler server 102 identifies network modules 211 association with the alteration. The cobbler server 102 can examine the alteration to determine which name servers 207 are affected by the alteration and the type of the name servers 207, and identify the network modules 211 associated with the types. Likewise, the cobbler server 102 can identify the network module 211 based on the network record 212 or object record 216.

In 410, the cobbler server 102 alters the configuration of affected name servers 207 utilizing the identified network modules 211. The cobbler server 102 can generate a configuration file utilizing the network module 211 (template and instructions) corresponding to the type of name server 207 and provide the configuration file to the name server 207. Likewise, the cobbler server 102 can utilize the network module 211 (interfaces and instructions) to communicate with the configuration file of the type of name server 207 to alter the configuration file.

In 412, the process can end, but the process can return to any point and repeat.

While the invention has been described with reference to the exemplary embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art will be able to make various modifications to the described embodiments without departing from the true spirit and scope. The terms and descriptions used herein are set forth by way of illustration only and are not meant as limitations. In particular, although the method has been described by examples, the steps of the method may be performed in a different order than illustrated or simultaneously. Those skilled in the art will recognize that these and other variations are possible within the spirit and scope as defined in the following claims and their equivalents. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: maintaining, in a provisioning server, a plurality of network modules, wherein each network module in the plurality of modules is associated with a different type of name server and comprises instructions to generate a configuration file for the associated type of name server; identifying, by the provisioning server, an alteration to a connection of a plurality of network connections to a computer system coupled to the connection; identifying a network module from the plurality of network modules in view of a type of a name server in the connection affected by the alteration; and altering, by the provisioning server, a configuration file of each of a plurality of name servers utilizing the identified network module, wherein the identified network module comprises instructions to alter the corresponding configuration files of each of the plurality of name servers.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein altering the configuration file comprises altering network parameters.
 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising adding a new name server to the connection.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein each network module in the plurality of network modules comprises a template of the configuration file of the associated type of name server.
 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising: generating the configuration file for the name server in the connection utilizing the network module; and providing the configuration file to the name server.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein each network module in the plurality of network modules comprises an interface for communicating with the associated type of name server.
 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the provisioning server communicates with the name server utilizing the interface of the network module for altering the configuration file of each of the plurality of name servers utilizing the identified network module.
 8. A system comprising: a network interface to a network comprising a plurality of network connections; and a processor, to communicate with the network interface, the processor to: maintain, in the processor, a plurality of network modules, wherein each network module in the plurality of modules is associated with a different type of name server and comprises instructions for generating a configuration file for the associated type of name server; identify, by the processor, an alteration to a connection of the plurality of network connections to a computer system coupled to the connection; identify a network module from the plurality of network modules in view of a type of a name server in the connection affected by the alteration; and alter a configuration file of each of a plurality of name servers utilizing the identified network module, wherein the identified network module comprises instructions to alter the corresponding configuration files of each of the plurality of name servers.
 9. The system of claim 8, wherein alteration to the configuration file comprises altering network parameters.
 10. The system of claim 8, the processor to add a new name server to the connection.
 11. The system of claim 8, wherein each network module in the plurality of network modules comprises a template of the configuration file of the associated type of name server.
 12. The system of claim 11, the processor to: generate the configuration file for the name server in the connection utilizing the network module; and provide the configuration file to the name server.
 13. The system of claim 8, wherein each network module in the plurality of network modules comprises an interface for communicating with the associated type of name server.
 14. The system of claim 13, the processor to communicate with the name server utilizing the interface of the network module to alter the configuration file of the name server.
 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium being programmed to cause a processor to: maintain a plurality of network modules, wherein each network module in the plurality of modules is associated with a different type of name server and comprises instructions to generate a configuration file for the associated type of name server; identify, by the processor, an alteration to a connection of a plurality of network connections to a computer system coupled to the connection; identify a network module from the plurality of network modules in view of a type of a name server in the connection affected by the alteration; and alter, by the processor, a configuration file of each of a plurality of name servers utilizing the identified network module, wherein the identified network module comprises instructions to alter the corresponding configuration files of each of the plurality of name servers.
 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein altering the configuration file comprises altering network parameters.
 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, further comprising adding a new name server to the connection.
 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein each network module in the plurality of network modules comprises a template of the configuration file of the associated type of name server.
 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, further comprising: generating the configuration file for the name server in the connection utilizing the network module; and providing the configuration file to the name server.
 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein each network module in the plurality of network modules comprises an interface for communicating with the associated type of name server.
 21. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 20, wherein the processor communicates with the name server utilizing the interface of the network module for altering configuration file of each of the plurality of name servers utilizing the identified network module. 